July 2019 -

Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most important cardiac arrest rhythm. The ventricles suddenly attempt to contract at a rate of up to 500 beats / minute. Rapid and irregular electrical activity causes the ventricles to become inoperable synchronously, leading to sudden cardiac output loss.

Ventricular Fibrillation / VF is the most common arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients and requires Emergency Life Support. Irreversible brain damage develops if the patient cannot be resuscitated in a short time (about 5 minutes at room temperature). The patient should be monitored and applied defibrillation as soon as possible. Ventricular Fibrillation / VF is the most common cause of myocardial infarction (MI). The risk of recurrence is low after the acute ischemic episode. Therefore, early treatment is life-saving. In crowded places where sudden deaths are common, such as airports, shopping malls, sports halls, the introduction of automatic external defibribrilators and cardiopulmonary resuscitation trainings improve survival.

Characteristics of ventricular fibrillation ECG: Velocity, rhythm, and PQRST parameters cannot be measured (due to the absence of measurable waveforms). The ECG trace is characterized by continuous, rapid, chaotic and completely irregular wave deflections, varying in height, width, and shape, showing tremors in the ventricles.

Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia

Pulseless ventricular tachycardia is defined by several criteria. First, the heart rate is usually greater than 180 BPM per minute and the rhythm usually has a very large QRS complex. Second, the patient heart rhythm is pulseless. Third, the rhythm originates from the ventricles. All Ventricular Tachycardias are not pulseless. Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia occurs because there is no cardiac output and because the ventricles cannot effectively pump blood from the heart. If not intervened on time, most of tachyarrhythmias turn to pulseless tachyarrhythmias.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – CPR

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is a first aid method to bring the person back to life in cases of sudden cardiac arrest or inability to breathe. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is an abbreviation of “CPR”

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation – CPR is the process of restoring the patient’s heart and recover to respiratory functions. The loss of consciousness, which occurs a few seconds after the heart and circulation stops, causes the brain functions to slowly regress. In order to recovering the heart and breathing, the blood to continue the brain massage and breathing process is done. These procedures are called ‘cardiopulmonary resuscitation ” or “CPR”

In adult patients, the compression depth should be between 4cm and 5cm for cardiac massage. It should be applied as 100 prints per minute. The use of assistive devices is recommended for more effective and uninterrupted cardiac massage.

If you have an automatic defibrillator (AED defibrillator) on your place, ask for it to be brought immediately. When the automatic defibrillator arrives, Follow the voice commands of the automatic defibrillator. Stick the pads to the patient’s bare chest and do not touch the patient during the analysis. If shock is recommended, make sure no one touches the patient. Press the SHOCK button for the semi-automatic defibrillator device, do not touch the patient until a shock is applied for fully automatic defibrillator device. After defibrillation, start cardiac massage immediately.

ECG Machine

ECG is the recording of electrical signals in the heart to a paper or digital media. The device that receives and records this signal is called an electrocardiogram or ECG machine. ECG machine; used to access heart rate, heart rhythm, and other heart status information

The ECG can show how fast your heart beats, whether your heartbeat rhythm is fixed or irregular, and the power and timing of the electrical impulses that pass through each part of the heart. An ECG test is performed as part of a routine examination to screen for heart disease. This test is also used to detect and examine heart problems such as heart attack, arrhythmia or irregular heartbeat and heart failure. The results of this test may also suggest other heart conditions.

The ECG machine has no serious risk and the ECG machine does not generate electrical energy, such as a defibrillator device. It may cause slight redness at the points where the electrodes adhere to the skin. This rash usually passes on its own without treatment.

ECG Analysis

ECG Analysis is a device and software system that provides the doctor or user information about the patient’s heart rhythm by digitally processing the ECG signals received from the patient thanks to the developed medical device.

Automatic External Defibrillator

Automatic external defibrillator, also known as AED defibrillator, is a small, lightweight and portable device that delivers an electrical shock to the heart of a person who is experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. Automatic external defibrillator can be used at home, in the work place or in public places by anyone who is not a medical expert but who has had the appropriate training for using the device. The advantages of having an automatic external defibrillator is that it helps to keep the patient alive or to resuscitate the patient who is having a heart attack / sudden cardiac arrest until a professional emergency team arrives on the scene. That said, if a person who is having a heart attack is not defibrillated as quickly as possible, their chance of survival declines with every passing minute.

Medical experts state that the most crucial period in the treatment of a cardiac arrest patient is the first three or four minutes. Otherwise, the risk of brain damage and other complications increase drastically.

Automated Defibrillator

Automated defibrillator is a lightweight and portable medical device that delivers electroshock (defibrillation) to the heart through the chest via pads. This shock stops the irregular cardiac contractions for a very short period of time, allowing the heart to return to its normal contractions. Sudden cardiac arrest leads to cardiac dysfunction. Unless the shock is delivered in a very short time period, this could lead to death.

The most common form of sudden cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation, which is rapid and asynchronous cardiac rhythm. When ventricular fibrillation occurs, the heart should immediately be defibrillated, as the patient’s chance of survival decreases by 10% every minute.

AED Cabinet

AED Cabinets are used to protect and keep the Automatic Defibrillator. Some AED cabinets are made of plastic and metal. There are also AED cabinets with heating or light or alarm for outdoor locations.

AED Defibrillator Electrodes

AED Defibrillator electrodes / pads are the part that provides the transfer of defibrillation energy to the body by adhering to the chest of the patient who is thought to have a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Automatic defibrillator electrodes consist of gel and adhesive. When the automatic defibrillator electrodes used during sudden cardiac arrest are attached to the patient’s chest, the gel presents in the electrodes increases the quality of the ECG rhythm and applied energy between the patient and the . Thus, the taken ECG rhythm is more healthy and the possible applied defibrillation process is more effective. Since disposable have an expiration date, it is useful to check their expiration dates. Otherwise, if the expired electrode is to be used, the quality of the ECG analysis may be affected and / or the effect of defibrillation may be reduced. This may result in misdiagnosis or ineffective defibrillation.

When using an automatic defibrillator device, the patient is referred to as a child if the patient is under 8 years of age or less than 25 Kg. In this case, pediatric electrode should be used in automatic defibrillators.

Semi Automatic Defibrillator

Semi automatic defibrillator analyses the heart rhythm of the patient by means of pads affixed to the patient’s chest. if necessary (defibrillation) directs the user visually and / or vocal by pressing the “SHOCK” button to enable the shock to be applied. The only difference between semi-automatic defibrillator and full-automatic defibrillator is that the “SHOCK” button is present and the defibrillation process is performed by the user by pressing the “SHOCK” button.

Semi-automatic defibrillator is a type of defibrillator, which defines the rhythm and guides the operator through its audio or visual system, while leaving the application of the final defibrillation to the operator via the shock button. Semi-automatic defibrillators have a SHOCK button, which is not available in fully automatic defibrillators. In functional terms, semi-automatic defibrillators are no different from the fully automatic defibrillators.

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